Biochemical and structural characterisation of the second oxidative crosslinking step during the biosynthesis of the glycopeptide antibiotic A47934

• Veronika Ulrich,
• Clara Brieke and
• Max J. Cryle

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2849–2864, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.284

• ampicillin with 1% (v/v) of starter culture. This expression culture was incubated at 37 °C and 90 rpm until an OD600 = 0.4 was reached. At this point, 25 mg/L δ-aminolevulinic acid was added and the temperature was decreased to 18 °C. The culture was further grown until an OD600 = 0.6–0.8, at which the

A versatile δ-aminolevulinic acid (ΑLA)-cyclodextrin bimodal conjugate-prodrug for PDT applications with the help of intracellular chemistry

• Chrysie Aggelidou,
• Theodossis A. Theodossiou,
• Antonio Ricardo Gonçalves,
• Mariza Lampropoulou and
• Konstantina Yannakopoulou

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2414–2420, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.251

• , Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, 15310 Greece. Tel. +30210 6503796, Fax: +30 210 6511766 10.3762/bjoc.10.251 Abstract Grafting of δ-aminolevulinic acid (1) moieties on the narrow periphery of a β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivative through hydrolysable bonds was implemented, in order to generate a water-soluble

• in terms of water solubility and lack of aggregation. Keywords: cyclodextrins; PDT; protoporphyrin IX; prodrug; δ-aminolevulinic acid; Introduction Porphyrins have long been used as agents for tumor photodiagnosis (PDD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) because of their preferential accumulation in

• cancerous rather than squamous tissues [1]. δ-Aminolevulinic acid (1, ALA, Scheme 1) is a δ-amino acid precursor in the cellular biosynthesis of heme [2]. The penultimate step in this biosynthetic cycle is the iron chelation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), a porphyrin photosensitizer (PS) which was shown to be